From 6aadb7b5bd96133768f3c612e4d11cc31865feed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason Rasmussen <jason@rasm.me>
Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 12:37:37 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] feat: dynamic languages (#27869)

Co-authored-by: xantin <github@xantin.be>
---
 .../settings-language-selector.svelte         |  13 +-
 web/src/lib/constants.ts                      | 101 +-------------
 web/src/lib/i18n.spec.ts                      |   5 +-
 .../lib/managers/language-manager.svelte.ts   |   2 +-
 web/src/lib/utils.ts                          |   3 +-
 web/src/lib/utils/i18n.ts                     | 123 ++++++++++++++++--
 6 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 127 deletions(-)

diff --git a/web/src/lib/components/shared-components/settings/settings-language-selector.svelte b/web/src/lib/components/shared-components/settings/settings-language-selector.svelte
index 6fca8f6273..d5e82fe7c8 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/components/shared-components/settings/settings-language-selector.svelte
+++ b/web/src/lib/components/shared-components/settings/settings-language-selector.svelte
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <script lang="ts">
   import { invalidateAll } from '$app/navigation';
   import Combobox from '$lib/components/shared-components/combobox.svelte';
-  import { defaultLang, langs } from '$lib/constants';
+  import { defaultLang } from '$lib/constants';
   import { lang } from '$lib/stores/preferences.store';
-  import { getClosestAvailableLocale, langCodes } from '$lib/utils/i18n';
+  import { getClosestAvailableLocale, langCodes, langs } from '$lib/utils/i18n';
   import { Label, Text } from '@immich/ui';
   import { locale as i18nLocale, t } from 'svelte-i18n';
 
@@ -13,14 +13,7 @@
 
   let { showSettingDescription = false }: Props = $props();
 
-  const langOptions = langs
-    .map((lang) => ({ label: lang.name, value: lang.code }))
-    .sort((a, b) => {
-      if (b.label.startsWith('Development')) {
-        return -1;
-      }
-      return a.label.localeCompare(b.label);
-    });
+  const langOptions = langs.map((lang) => ({ label: lang.name, value: lang.code }));
 
   const defaultLangOption = { label: defaultLang.name, value: defaultLang.code };
 
diff --git a/web/src/lib/constants.ts b/web/src/lib/constants.ts
index 6343379db0..2f9a7e93e1 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/constants.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/constants.ts
@@ -229,114 +229,15 @@ export const locales = [
   { code: 'zu-ZA', name: 'Zulu (South Africa)' },
 ];
 
-interface Lang {
+export interface Lang {
   name: string;
   code: string;
   loader: () => Promise<{ default: object }>;
   rtl?: boolean;
-  weblateCode?: string;
 }
 
 export const defaultLang: Lang = { name: 'English', code: 'en', loader: () => import('$i18n/en.json') };
 
-export const langs: Lang[] = [
-  { name: 'Afrikaans', code: 'af', loader: () => import('$i18n/af.json') },
-  { name: 'Arabic', code: 'ar', loader: () => import('$i18n/ar.json'), rtl: true },
-  { name: 'Azerbaijani', code: 'az', loader: () => import('$i18n/az.json'), rtl: true },
-  { name: 'Belarusian', code: 'be', loader: () => import('$i18n/be.json') },
-  { name: 'Bulgarian', code: 'bg', loader: () => import('$i18n/bg.json') },
-  { name: 'Bislama', code: 'bi', loader: () => import('$i18n/bi.json') },
-  { name: 'Bengali', code: 'bn', loader: () => import('$i18n/bn.json') },
-  { name: 'Breton', code: 'br', loader: () => import('$i18n/br.json') },
-  { name: 'Catalan', code: 'ca', loader: () => import('$i18n/ca.json') },
-  { name: 'Czech', code: 'cs', loader: () => import('$i18n/cs.json') },
-  { name: 'Chuvash', code: 'cv', loader: () => import('$i18n/cv.json') },
-  { name: 'Danish', code: 'da', loader: () => import('$i18n/da.json') },
-  { name: 'German', code: 'de', loader: () => import('$i18n/de.json') },
-  { name: 'German (Switzerland)', code: 'de-CH', weblateCode: 'de_CH', loader: () => import('$i18n/de_CH.json') },
-  defaultLang,
-  { name: 'Greek', code: 'el', loader: () => import('$i18n/el.json') },
-  { name: 'Esperanto', code: 'eo', loader: () => import('$i18n/eo.json') },
-  { name: 'Spanish', code: 'es', loader: () => import('$i18n/es.json') },
-  { name: 'Estonian', code: 'et', loader: () => import('$i18n/et.json') },
-  { name: 'Basque', code: 'eu', loader: () => import('$i18n/eu.json') },
-  { name: 'Persian', code: 'fa', loader: () => import('$i18n/fa.json'), rtl: true },
-  { name: 'Finnish', code: 'fi', loader: () => import('$i18n/fi.json') },
-  { name: 'Filipino', code: 'fil', loader: () => import('$i18n/fil.json') },
-  { name: 'French', code: 'fr', loader: () => import('$i18n/fr.json') },
-  { name: 'Irish', code: 'ga', loader: () => import('$i18n/ga.json') },
-  { name: 'Galician', code: 'gl', loader: () => import('$i18n/gl.json') },
-  { name: 'Alemannic', code: 'gsw', loader: () => import('$i18n/gsw.json') },
-  { name: 'Gujarati', code: 'gu', loader: () => import('$i18n/gu.json') },
-  { name: 'Hebrew', code: 'he', loader: () => import('$i18n/he.json'), rtl: true },
-  { name: 'Hindi', code: 'hi', loader: () => import('$i18n/hi.json') },
-  { name: 'Croatian', code: 'hr', loader: () => import('$i18n/hr.json') },
-  { name: 'Hungarian', code: 'hu', loader: () => import('$i18n/hu.json') },
-  { name: 'Armenian', code: 'hy', loader: () => import('$i18n/hy.json') },
-  { name: 'Indonesian', code: 'id', loader: () => import('$i18n/id.json') },
-  { name: 'Icelandic', code: 'is', loader: () => import('$i18n/is.json') },
-  { name: 'Italian', code: 'it', loader: () => import('$i18n/it.json') },
-  { name: 'Japanese', code: 'ja', loader: () => import('$i18n/ja.json') },
-  { name: 'Georgian', code: 'ka', loader: () => import('$i18n/ka.json') },
-  { name: 'Kazakh', code: 'kk', loader: () => import('$i18n/kk.json') },
-  { name: 'Khmer (Central)', code: 'km', loader: () => import('$i18n/km.json') },
-  { name: 'Kurdish (Northern)', code: 'kmr', loader: () => import('$i18n/kmr.json'), rtl: true },
-  { name: 'Kannada', code: 'kn', loader: () => import('$i18n/kn.json') },
-  { name: 'Korean', code: 'ko', loader: () => import('$i18n/ko.json') },
-  { name: 'Luxembourgish', code: 'lb', loader: () => import('$i18n/lb.json') },
-  { name: 'Lithuanian', code: 'lt', loader: () => import('$i18n/lt.json') },
-  { name: 'Latvian', code: 'lv', loader: () => import('$i18n/lv.json') },
-  { name: 'Malay (Pattani)', code: 'mfa', loader: () => import('$i18n/mfa.json') },
-  { name: 'Macedonian', code: 'mk', loader: () => import('$i18n/mk.json') },
-  { name: 'Malayalam', code: 'ml', loader: () => import('$i18n/ml.json') },
-  { name: 'Mongolian', code: 'mn', loader: () => import('$i18n/mn.json') },
-  { name: 'Marathi', code: 'mr', loader: () => import('$i18n/mr.json') },
-  { name: 'Malay', code: 'ms', loader: () => import('$i18n/ms.json') },
-  { name: 'Norwegian Bokmål', code: 'nb-NO', weblateCode: 'nb_NO', loader: () => import('$i18n/nb_NO.json') },
-  { name: 'Dutch', code: 'nl', loader: () => import('$i18n/nl.json') },
-  { name: 'Norwegian Nynorsk', code: 'nn', loader: () => import('$i18n/nn.json') },
-  { name: 'Punjabi', code: 'pa', loader: () => import('$i18n/pa.json') },
-  { name: 'Polish', code: 'pl', loader: () => import('$i18n/pl.json') },
-  { name: 'Portuguese', code: 'pt', loader: () => import('$i18n/pt.json') },
-  { name: 'Portuguese (Brazil) ', code: 'pt-BR', weblateCode: 'pt_BR', loader: () => import('$i18n/pt_BR.json') },
-  { name: 'Romanian', code: 'ro', loader: () => import('$i18n/ro.json') },
-  { name: 'Russian', code: 'ru', loader: () => import('$i18n/ru.json') },
-  { name: 'Sinhala', code: 'si', loader: () => import('$i18n/si.json') },
-  { name: 'Slovak', code: 'sk', loader: () => import('$i18n/sk.json') },
-  { name: 'Slovenian', code: 'sl', loader: () => import('$i18n/sl.json') },
-  { name: 'Albanian', code: 'sq', loader: () => import('$i18n/sq.json') },
-  {
-    name: 'Serbian (Cyrillic)',
-    code: 'sr-Cyrl',
-    weblateCode: 'sr_Cyrl',
-    loader: () => import('$i18n/sr_Cyrl.json'),
-  },
-  { name: 'Serbian (Latin)', code: 'sr-Latn', weblateCode: 'sr_Latn', loader: () => import('$i18n/sr_Latn.json') },
-  { name: 'Swedish', code: 'sv', loader: () => import('$i18n/sv.json') },
-  { name: 'Tamil', code: 'ta', loader: () => import('$i18n/ta.json') },
-  { name: 'Telugu', code: 'te', loader: () => import('$i18n/te.json') },
-  { name: 'Thai', code: 'th', loader: () => import('$i18n/th.json') },
-  { name: 'Turkish', code: 'tr', loader: () => import('$i18n/tr.json') },
-  { name: 'Ukrainian', code: 'uk', loader: () => import('$i18n/uk.json') },
-  { name: 'Urdu', code: 'ur', loader: () => import('$i18n/ur.json'), rtl: true },
-  { name: 'Uzbek', code: 'uz', loader: () => import('$i18n/uz.json') },
-  { name: 'Vietnamese', code: 'vi', loader: () => import('$i18n/vi.json') },
-  { name: 'Cantonese (Traditional Han script)', code: 'yue_Hant', loader: () => import('$i18n/yue_Hant.json') },
-  {
-    name: 'Chinese (Traditional)',
-    code: 'zh-TW',
-    weblateCode: 'zh_Hant',
-    loader: () => import('$i18n/zh_Hant.json'),
-  },
-  {
-    name: 'Chinese (Simplified)',
-    code: 'zh-CN',
-    weblateCode: 'zh_Hans',
-    loader: () => import('$i18n/zh_Hans.json'),
-  },
-  { name: 'Development (keys only)', code: 'dev', loader: () => Promise.resolve({ default: {} }) },
-];
-
 export enum ImmichProduct {
   Client = 'immich-client',
   Server = 'immich-server',
diff --git a/web/src/lib/i18n.spec.ts b/web/src/lib/i18n.spec.ts
index 325e7bad5e..b5bb83000f 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/i18n.spec.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/i18n.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import { langs } from '$lib/constants';
-import { getClosestAvailableLocale } from '$lib/utils/i18n';
+import { getClosestAvailableLocale, langs } from '$lib/utils/i18n';
 import { readFileSync, readdirSync } from 'node:fs';
 
 describe('i18n', () => {
@@ -12,7 +11,7 @@ describe('i18n', () => {
         }
 
         const code = filename.replaceAll('.json', '');
-        const item = langs.find((lang) => lang.weblateCode === code || lang.code === code);
+        const item = langs.find((lang) => lang.code === code);
         expect(item, `${filename} has no loader`).toBeDefined();
         if (!item) {
           return;
diff --git a/web/src/lib/managers/language-manager.svelte.ts b/web/src/lib/managers/language-manager.svelte.ts
index e3069e4504..3e67160140 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/managers/language-manager.svelte.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/managers/language-manager.svelte.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import { langs } from '$lib/constants';
 import { eventManager } from '$lib/managers/event-manager.svelte';
 import { lang } from '$lib/stores/preferences.store';
+import { langs } from '$lib/utils/i18n';
 
 class LanguageManager {
   constructor() {
diff --git a/web/src/lib/utils.ts b/web/src/lib/utils.ts
index f5d46576cb..5204835d11 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/utils.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/utils.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-import { defaultLang, langs, locales } from '$lib/constants';
+import { defaultLang, locales } from '$lib/constants';
 import { authManager } from '$lib/managers/auth-manager.svelte';
 import { alwaysLoadOriginalFile, lang } from '$lib/stores/preferences.store';
 import { isWebCompatibleImage } from '$lib/utils/asset-utils';
 import { handleError } from '$lib/utils/handle-error';
+import { langs } from '$lib/utils/i18n';
 import {
   AssetMediaSize,
   AssetTypeEnum,
diff --git a/web/src/lib/utils/i18n.ts b/web/src/lib/utils/i18n.ts
index 83fe11875c..886560b1b9 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/utils/i18n.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/utils/i18n.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import { langs } from '$lib/constants';
+import type { Lang } from '$lib/constants';
 import { locale, t, waitLocale } from 'svelte-i18n';
 import { get, type Unsubscriber } from 'svelte/store';
 
-export async function getFormatter() {
+export const getFormatter = async () => {
   let unsubscribe: Unsubscriber | undefined;
   await new Promise((resolve) => {
     unsubscribe = locale.subscribe((value) => value && resolve(value));
@@ -11,23 +11,122 @@ export async function getFormatter() {
 
   await waitLocale();
   return get(t);
-}
+};
+
+const modules = import.meta.glob('$i18n/*.json');
+
+const fileCodes = Object.keys(modules)
+  .map((path) => path.match(/\/(\w+)\.json$/)?.[1])
+  .filter(Boolean) as string[];
+
+const convertBCP47 = (code: string) => code.replace('_', '-');
+
+export const langCodes = fileCodes.map((code) => convertBCP47(code));
 
 // https://github.com/kaisermann/svelte-i18n/blob/780932a3e1270d521d348aac8ba03be9df309f04/src/runtime/stores/locale.ts#L11
-function getSubLocales(refLocale: string) {
-  return refLocale
+const getSubLocales = (locale: string) => {
+  return locale
     .split('-')
     .map((_, i, arr) => arr.slice(0, i + 1).join('-'))
     .reverse();
-}
+};
 
-export function getClosestAvailableLocale(locales: readonly string[], allLocales: readonly string[]) {
+export const getClosestAvailableLocale = (locales: readonly string[], allLocales: readonly string[]) => {
   const allLocalesSet = new Set(allLocales);
   return locales.find((locale) => getSubLocales(locale).some((subLocale) => allLocalesSet.has(subLocale)));
-}
+};
 
-export const langCodes = langs.map((lang) => lang.code);
+export const getPreferredLocale = () => getClosestAvailableLocale(navigator.languages, langCodes);
 
-export function getPreferredLocale() {
-  return getClosestAvailableLocale(navigator.languages, langCodes);
-}
+const rtlCodes = new Set([
+  'ae',
+  'aeb',
+  'aii',
+  'ajp',
+  'apc',
+  'apd',
+  'ar',
+  'ar_BH',
+  'ar_DZ',
+  'ar_EG',
+  'ar_KW',
+  'ar_LY',
+  'ar_MA',
+  'ar_SA',
+  'ar_YE',
+  'ara',
+  'arc',
+  'arq',
+  'ars',
+  'arz',
+  'ave',
+  'bal',
+  'bcc',
+  'bgn',
+  'bqi',
+  'ckb',
+  'ckb_IR',
+  'dv',
+  'egy',
+  'fa',
+  'fa_AF',
+  'fas',
+  'glk',
+  'ha',
+  'he',
+  'heb',
+  'khw',
+  'kmr',
+  'ks',
+  'ku',
+  'lrc',
+  'luz',
+  'ms_Arab',
+  'mzn',
+  'nqo',
+  'pa_PK',
+  'pal',
+  'per',
+  'phn',
+  'pnb',
+  'prs',
+  'ps',
+  'rhg',
+  'sam',
+  'sd',
+  'sdh',
+  'skr',
+  'syc',
+  'syr',
+  'ug',
+  'ur',
+  'ur_IN',
+  'urd',
+  'yi',
+]);
+
+const capitalize = (string: string) =>
+  string
+    .split(' ')
+    .map((word) => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1))
+    .join(' ');
+
+const nonIntlNames: Record<string, string> = {
+  mfa: 'Malay (Pattani)',
+  bi: 'Bislama',
+};
+
+const getLanguageName = (code: string) =>
+  nonIntlNames[code] ?? capitalize(new Intl.DisplayNames([code], { type: 'language' }).of(code) ?? code);
+
+export const langs: Lang[] = [
+  ...fileCodes
+    .map((code) => ({
+      name: getLanguageName(convertBCP47(code)),
+      code,
+      loader: () => import(`$i18n/${code}.json`),
+      rtl: rtlCodes.has(code),
+    }))
+    .sort((a, b) => a.code.localeCompare(b.code)),
+  { name: 'Development (keys only)', code: 'dev', loader: () => Promise.resolve({ default: {} }) },
+];